Question 1

Which of the following best explains why humans are generally unaware of the trillions of prokaryotic cells living in and on their bodies?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than human cells and are invisible to the naked eye.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a common shape of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 3

Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria in that gram-positive bacteria have:

Accepted Answer

A thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 4

Which adaptation allows some prokaryotes to survive harsh environmental conditions for extended periods?

Accepted Answer

Formation of endospores

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the nutritional diversity of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They can be phototrophs or chemotrophs, using sunlight or chemicals for energy.

Question 6

What is the primary ecological role of biofilms formed by prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They create complex communities that are difficult to eradicate and can cause medical and environmental problems.

Question 7

Which group of prokaryotes is known for thriving in extreme environments such as high salinity or temperature?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct match between a bacterial group and its characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria – oxygen-generating photosynthesis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about exotoxins and endotoxins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria, while endotoxins are lipid components released when gram-negative bacteria die.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a mixotrophic protist?

Accepted Answer

It can perform both photosynthesis and heterotrophy.

Question 11

Which supergroup of protists includes diatoms, brown algae, and water molds?

Accepted Answer

SAR

Question 12

Which of the following is a key adaptation that allowed plants to colonize land?

Accepted Answer

Development of lignin-hardened vascular tissues

Question 13

What is the main function of the flower in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of pollination and fertilization.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the ecological importance of mycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

They help plants absorb phosphorus and other minerals from the soil.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the fungal life cycle, as shown in the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of cytoplasm leads to a heterokaryotic stage, followed by fusion of nuclei and meiosis to produce spores.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of bioremediation using prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to clean up oil spills in the ocean

Question 17

Which of the following statements about lichens is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Angiosperms produce seeds within protective ovaries, while gymnosperms produce seeds in cones.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of fungi as decomposers in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They break down organic matter and recycle nutrients essential for plant growth.

Question 20

Which of the following is a practical use of fungi in biotechnology or industry?

Accepted Answer

Yeasts are used to produce alcohol and cause bread to rise.

Microbial Life, Plant, and Fungal Diversity: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions