Question 1

Which of the following best describes microevolution?

Accepted Answer

The change in the gene pool of a population over time.

Question 2

A population of 100 pea plants has 25 AA, 50 Aa, and 25 aa individuals. What is the frequency of the dominant allele (A) in this population?

Accepted Answer

0.5

Question 3

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a condition required to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 5

A population of 50 birds has 16 birds with red tail feathers (recessive) and 34 with blue tail feathers (dominant). What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

0.32

Question 6

Which mechanism of microevolution is illustrated when a few individuals colonize a new land, resulting in a population with different allele frequencies from the original population?

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 7

In a population of fish, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals is 0.36. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

0.6

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world example of the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A population of cheetahs that can trace their ancestry back to a small number of survivors after an ice age.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genetic material from one population to another.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Founder selection

Question 11

A herd of 500 cattle has 300 homozygous dominant (BB), 100 heterozygous (Bb), and 100 homozygous recessive (bb) individuals. What is the frequency of the dominant allele (B)?

Accepted Answer

0.7

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Breeding dogs to enhance desirable traits such as size or temperament.

Question 13

Why doesn’t natural selection lead to perfection?

Accepted Answer

Environments change, mutations rarely make a perfect gene, and multiple alleles may all result in equal fitness.

Question 14

Which of the following is a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Traits must be heritable.

Question 15

Which of the following is a form of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 16

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what does this indicate about microevolution?

Accepted Answer

Microevolution is not taking place.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths where darker coloration becomes more common due to pollution.

Question 18

What is the effect of the bottleneck event on genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It reduces genetic diversity by leaving only a small sample of the original gene pool.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of gene flow between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Increased similarity in allele frequencies between the populations.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance spreads rapidly in bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria with resistance genes have greater reproductive success under selective pressure from antibiotics.

Microevolution: Mechanisms and Applications

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