$$\text{Parent cell: } 2n \rightarrow \text{Daughter cells: } 2n$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, development, and repair by producing genetically identical diploid cells

Question 2

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

What is the ploidy of daughter cells produced by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Haploid ($$n)$$

Question 4

Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, allowing fertilization to restore diploidy

Question 7

In humans, which cells are diploid ($$2n) $$and which are haploid ($$n$$)?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, gametes are haploid

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves crossing over, meiosis does not

Question 9

If a plant cell undergoes mitosis, what structure forms during cytokinesis to separate the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 10

Which formula correctly represents the chromosome number after meiosis in a cell with $$2n$$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$n$$

Question 11

A karyotype is used to:

Accepted Answer

Analyze the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 13

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring from sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 15

A cell in the testes undergoes meiosis. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid sperm cells

Question 16

Which equation represents the relationship between parent and daughter cells in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Parent cell: } 2n ightarrow 	ext{Daughter cells: } 2n$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Healing a skin wound

Question 18

What is the main difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies, homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles

Question 19

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 20

A mutation occurs in a gene located on a homologous chromosome. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may result in different alleles for the same gene

Mitosis and Meiosis: Cellular Division and Chromosome Dynamics

Study Guide - Practice Questions