Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in nervous system function when you see a glass of water and then reach for it?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 2

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

A patient is unable to feel sensations from their skin but can still move their muscles. Which part of the peripheral nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 4

Which neuroglia cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Supporting neurons and regulating the environment around them

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a resting neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

The Na+/K+ pump moves more sodium ions out of the cell than potassium ions in, and there are more leaky K+ channels

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for potassium ($$K^+) $$ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}}$$

Question 8

During which phase of the action potential do voltage-gated sodium ($$Na^+) $$channels open, causing a rapid influx of $$Na^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization phase

Question 9

A neuron receives two excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

If a neuron’s membrane potential changes from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$-80\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the neuron from generating another action potential immediately

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune defense cells and remove debris

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely increase the speed of action potential conduction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Increasing myelination of the axon

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate and digestion

Question 16

A person is startled by a loud noise, and their heart rate increases rapidly. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

Their magnitude varies with stimulus strength and they decay with distance

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the direction of information flow in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

From dendrites to cell body to axon

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily inhibitory in the adult brain?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards