Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell, maintaining a negative charge inside.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Ability to undergo mitosis regularly

Question 3

During the rising phase of an action potential, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open, causing Na+ to rush into the cell.

Question 4

Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

Question 5

What is the main advantage of myelination for action potential conduction?

Accepted Answer

It allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, greatly increasing conduction speed.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents the backward propagation of action potentials.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the 'all-or-none' law of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

If threshold is reached, an action potential of constant magnitude is generated.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

An action potential triggers Ca2+ influx, leading to neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic cell, which then binds to ligand-gated ion channels on the postsynaptic cell.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate and digestion

Question 10

Which brain region is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and voluntary motor control?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Question 11

A patient has damage to the occipital lobe of their brain. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory transduction?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of a stimulus energy into a change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor.

Question 13

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptors

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a sensory modality and its receptor type?

Accepted Answer

Touch – Mechanoreceptors

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the frequency, not the size, of action potentials encodes stimulus intensity?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period limits how frequently action potentials can be generated, but their size remains constant.

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of a diffuse nervous system, such as that found in jellyfish?

Accepted Answer

Mesh-like nerve net lacking centralization

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the organization of the vertebrate nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves throughout the body.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the activity of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Question 19

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes its membrane potential to become more negative than the resting potential. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the development and recovery of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting potential → Depolarization → Rising phase → Falling phase → Undershoot → Resting potential

Neuronal Physiology, Nervous System Organization, and Sensory Systems: Study Guide

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