Non-Mendelian Inheritance and Pedigrees: Advanced Patterns in Human Genetics

The first image illustrates a genetic phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple traits. What is the term for this phenomenon, and which of the following is a classic example in humans?

The second and third images show the distribution of phenotypes for a trait controlled by three genes, each with two alleles. What type of inheritance is depicted, and what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the most common phenotype?

In the fourth and fifth images, Labrador retriever coat color is determined by two genes: one for pigment color (B/b) and one for pigment deposition (E/e). Which genotype will result in a yellow Labrador, regardless of the B gene alleles?