Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Question 2

A hydra can reproduce by forming a small outgrowth that eventually detaches and becomes an independent organism. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction in a rapidly changing environment?

Accepted Answer

Lack of genetic variation reduces adaptability to new conditions.

Question 4

In the diplontic life cycle, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The dominant life stage is diploid, and only gametes are haploid.

Question 5

Which process is illustrated by a planarian regenerating into multiple individuals after being cut into pieces?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation

Question 6

A potato plant can produce new plants from its underground tubers. What type of asexual reproduction is this?

Accepted Answer

Vegetative propagation via tubers

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is advantageous in the long term for a species?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation, which can enhance survival in changing environments.

Question 8

In the haplodiplontic (alternation of generations) life cycle of plants, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Both haploid and diploid stages can undergo mitosis.

Question 9

Which of the following organisms exhibits a haplontic life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydomonas (a green alga)

Question 10

A strawberry plant produces new plants via runners (stolons) that grow horizontally and form roots at nodes. What is the main advantage of this method?

Accepted Answer

Rapid colonization of an area with genetically identical offspring

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number change during fertilization in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

$$n + n \rightarrow 2n$$

Question 12

In the moss life cycle, which stage is dominant and photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

Gametophyte (n)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission?

Accepted Answer

A single prokaryotic cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key feature of the diplontic life cycle found in animals?

Accepted Answer

The only haploid cells are gametes, and the multicellular organism is diploid.

Question 15

In the fern life cycle, which process restores the diploid chromosome number after gametes fuse?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the alternation of generations in plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, and the gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of fragmentation as a method of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A starfish regenerating a new individual from a broken arm.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why identical twins are genetically identical but siblings from the same parents are not?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins originate from the same zygote, while siblings come from different zygotes formed by different combinations of gametes.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.

Question 20

A scientist observes that a certain fungus spends most of its life as a haploid mycelium, only briefly forming a diploid zygote. Which life cycle does this fungus exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Haplontic life cycle

Organismal Reproduction: Asexual and Sexual Life Cycles in Biology

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