Q: Which equation describes the death rate ($$DR) of $$plague with and without medication, given $$DR_{med}$$ and $$DR_{no ext{med}}$$?

$$DR_{med} = 0.1$$, $$DR_{no\text{med}} = 0.7$$

Question 1

Which factor most contributed to the increased prevalence of parasite infections in human populations after the rise of agriculture and permanent settlements?

Accepted Answer

Living in close proximity to domesticated animals and concentrated human waste

Question 2

Why did the prevalence of fish tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium latum) increase in the Roman Empire, despite advances in sanitation?

Accepted Answer

Romans consumed uncooked fish sauce (garum) that transported tapeworm eggs

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between parasite prevalence ($$P$$), population density ($$D$$), and sanitation level ($$S) in $$ancient cities?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{D}{S}$$

Question 4

Which parasite was most commonly found in Roman latrines according to paleoparasitological evidence?

Accepted Answer

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

Question 5

How did the use of communal baths in Roman society contribute to the spread of parasites?

Accepted Answer

Water was not changed frequently, allowing parasites to persist and spread among bathers

Question 6

Which real-world event demonstrates the impact of parasites on military history?

Accepted Answer

Napoleon’s Russian campaign failed largely due to typhus transmitted by lice

Question 7

What is the primary vector for the bubonic and septicemic forms of plague?

Accepted Answer

Fleas

Question 8

Which equation describes the death rate ($$DR) of $$plague with and without medication, given $$DR_{med}$$ and $$DR_{no	ext{med}}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$DR_{med} = 0.1$$, $$DR_{no	ext{med}} = 0.7$$

Question 9

Why did malaria promote slavery in the southeastern United States?

Accepted Answer

Africans had resistance to malaria due to Duffy antigen negativity and sickle cell allele

Question 10

Which parasite is responsible for River Blindness, leading to abandonment of river areas in Africa?

Accepted Answer

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 11

What is the mechanism by which sickle cell trait confers resistance to Plasmodium falciparum?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell trait erythrocytes lose water, slowing parasite growth and increasing phagocytosis

Question 12

Which equation best represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for sickle cell allele frequency ($$p$$ for normal, $$q$$ for sickle cell) in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 13

Which parasite is transmitted by tsetse flies and has limited cattle agriculture in Africa?

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 14

What was the effect of the rinderpest virus panzootic in Africa between 1888–1896?

Accepted Answer

Killed 80–90% of cattle, leading to famine and increased spread of tsetse flies

Question 15

According to Wolfe et al. (2007), what is a key difference between 'temperate' and 'tropical' diseases?

Accepted Answer

Temperate diseases mostly originated from domesticated animals, while tropical diseases mostly originated from wild animals

Question 16

Which equation would best model the spread of Aedes mosquitoes via international tire trade, given $$N$$ tires shipped and $$R$$ rate of mosquito eggs per tire?

Accepted Answer

$$S = N 	imes R$$

Question 17

Why do humans have so many recorded parasite species compared to other animals?

Accepted Answer

Humans keep records, are numerous, social, and live with other animals

Question 18

Which scenario best illustrates a real-world application of host transfer in human disease?

Accepted Answer

Eating undercooked pork leads to Trichinella and Taenia infections

Question 19

What is the significance of the quarantine practice ('quaranta giorni') in Venice during plague outbreaks?

Accepted Answer

Ships were isolated for 40 days to prevent the spread of plague

Question 20

Which equation best models the probability ($$P) of $$parasite transmission in a population with $$C$$ contacts per person and $$I$$ infection rate per contact?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 1 - (1 - I)^C$$

Parasites lec 14

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards