Question 1

According to Wolfe et al. (2007), which stage in the evolutionary transition of animal pathogens to human pathogens is characterized by exclusive human-to-human transmission, with no further animal involvement?

Accepted Answer

Stage 5: Exclusive human agent

Question 2

Which of the following is a 'souvenir' parasite, meaning it originated from a host switch rather than being a long-term 'heirloom' parasite in humans?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 3

Which of the following statements about human lice is correct?

Accepted Answer

Body lice can vector disease, while head lice do not.

Question 4

What is the strongest correlation found in the sharing of helminth parasites between humans and animals, according to Wells et al. (2018)?

Accepted Answer

Diet (carnivores, herbivores)

Question 5

Which of the following is a soil-transmitted helminth that infects humans and is associated with symptoms such as anemia, stunted growth, and rectal prolapse?

Accepted Answer

Trichuris trichiura

Question 6

Which metric combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with disability to measure the human impact of parasitic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

Question 7

Malaria is most deadly in which region, according to WHO data from 2022?

Accepted Answer

Africa

Question 8

Which mosquito genus is the primary vector for malaria transmission?

Accepted Answer

Anopheles

Question 9

Which of the following drugs was originally derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree and used to treat malaria?

Accepted Answer

Quinine

Question 10

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is primarily transmitted by which vector?

Accepted Answer

Triatomine bug

Question 11

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the resurgence of malaria in the 1970s to 1990s?

Accepted Answer

Ban on DDT and collapse of vector control

Question 12

Which parasitic disease is targeted for eradication by 2030 and is transmitted exclusively by tsetse flies?

Accepted Answer

African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)

Question 13

Leishmaniasis is transmitted by which vector, and which form is most common in Brazil?

Accepted Answer

Sandfly; muco-cutaneous

Question 14

Which intervention is most effective in preventing Guinea worm disease (Dracunculiasis)?

Accepted Answer

Water filtration to remove larvae

Question 15

Echinococcosis is caused by a tapeworm, and humans are accidental intermediate hosts. Which animal is the definitive host?

Accepted Answer

Dog

Question 16

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by nematodes such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. Which symptom is most characteristic of chronic infection?

Accepted Answer

Severe disfigurement (elephantiasis)

Question 17

Which soil-transmitted helminth is most prevalent worldwide, infecting over 800 million people?

Accepted Answer

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 18

Taeniasis and cysticercosis are caused by Taenia solium. Which form of infection is associated with severe neurological symptoms such as seizures and headaches?

Accepted Answer

Cysticercosis (larval cysts in tissues)

Question 19

Schistosomiasis is strongly associated with which environmental change?

Accepted Answer

Dam-building and increased irrigation

Question 20

Cryptosporidium cysts are resistant to which common water treatment method, making outbreaks more likely in contaminated water?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine disinfection

Parasites lec 15

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