Question 1

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when red snapdragons crossed with white snapdragons produce pink F1 hybrids, and the F2 generation shows a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 2

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group will have which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood

Question 3

Why can individuals with blood type O donate blood to any other blood type, but can only receive blood from type O donors?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients

Question 4

Which genetic concept explains why a single gene can cause multiple symptoms in diseases like sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 5

In a mouse coat color inheritance scenario, one gene determines pigment color (B for black, b for brown), and another gene (C for pigment, c for no pigment) determines whether pigment is deposited. What is this interaction called?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 6

A child is born with a skin color intermediate between both parents. Which inheritance pattern best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 7

If a plant with genotype $$RR ($$red flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$rr ($$white flowers), what is the expected genotype and phenotype ratio in the F2 generation under incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

Genotype ratio 1:2:1; Phenotype ratio 1 red:2 pink:1 white

Question 8

Which equation represents the probability of a child inheriting cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers (heterozygous)?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

A genetic counselor uses a pedigree to determine the likelihood of a child inheriting a genetic disorder. Which principle is most relevant to this analysis?

Accepted Answer

Segregation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes multifactorial disorders?

Accepted Answer

Disorders influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

Question 11

Hydrangea flowers of the same genotype can be blue-violet or pink depending on soil acidity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact on phenotype

Question 12

Which fetal testing method involves removing a sample of the placenta for genetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 13

A person with genotype $$ii$$ for the ABO blood group will have which antibodies present in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 14

Which inheritance pattern is most likely responsible for the bell-shaped distribution of skin color in a population?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 15

If a gene has more than two alleles in a population, which term best describes this situation?

Accepted Answer

Multiple alleles

Question 16

Which principle states that alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

Question 17

A newborn screening test detects a genetic disorder at birth. Which of the following is NOT a method used for fetal genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Pedigree analysis

Question 18

Which scenario best illustrates codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with both A and B antigens on their red blood cells

Question 19

Which equation represents the expected fraction of progeny with genotype $$AABBCC in a $$polygenic inheritance scenario with three genes, each with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{64}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial disease?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Patterns of Inheritance: Beyond Mendelian Genetics

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