Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for the same trait must be in separate gametes, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 2

In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants, one with genotype $$FF ($$purple flowers) and one with genotype $$ff ($$white flowers), what will be the phenotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have purple flowers.

Question 3

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with a dominant phenotype and a plant with a recessive phenotype. If the dominant plant is heterozygous, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1:1 dominant:recessive

Question 4

In pea plants, spherical seeds ($$H) $$are dominant to dented seeds ($$h). If $$two heterozygous plants ($$Hh) $$are crossed, what fraction of the offspring will have spherical seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{4}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a trait determined by polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 6

A child has blood type A and his mother is type O. What type or types may the father have?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type AB

Question 7

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by a heterozygous genotype producing a blended phenotype, such as pink flowers from red and white parents?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 8

In human blood typing, which genotype results in the AB blood type?

Accepted Answer

$$IAIB$$

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A gene that influences multiple traits, such as sickle cell anemia affecting blood cells, kidney, and heart.

Question 10

A female who is a carrier for muscular dystrophy ($$XAXa) $$reproduces with a male without the condition ($$XAY). $$What is the probability that a son will have muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a Mendelian trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 12

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous guinea pigs ($$BbHh$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why flamingos can be pink or white, despite having the same genotype?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors, such as diet, influence their phenotype.

Question 14

Which chromosomal abnormality is characterized by an individual having 47 chromosomes due to trisomy 21?

Accepted Answer

Down Syndrome

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of co-dominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

Blood type AB

Question 16

If a person with genotype $$Hh$$ for hypercholesterolemia has blood cholesterol levels twice the normal amount, what inheritance pattern does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 17

Which of the following genetic disorders is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each trait is inherited independent of other traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is a sex-linked genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 20

If height is controlled by four genes, and an individual inherits the genotype $$AABBCCDd$$, what can be inferred about their height compared to someone with $$aaBbccdd$$?

Accepted Answer

They will be taller.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

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