Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have many varieties with distinct heritable features, controlled mating, and produce many offspring quickly.

Question 2

In Mendel's experiment crossing true-breeding purple-flowered pea plants with true-breeding white-flowered pea plants, what was the phenotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

All plants had purple flowers.

Question 3

What is the genotypic ratio for the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants ($$Tt 	imes Tt$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (TT$$:Tt:tt)

Question 4

Which statement best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 5

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If any offspring display the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the dominant parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A black chicken crossed with a white chicken produces a speckled black and white chicken.

Question 8

What is the expected phenotype of the F1 generation when a homozygous straight-haired individual is crossed with a homozygous curly-haired individual, assuming incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

All offspring have wavy hair.

Question 9

Which genotype corresponds to blood type AB in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 10

A person with genotype $$I^A i$$ can donate blood to which of the following recipients?

Accepted Answer

Type AB and Type A

Question 11

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute additively to a single phenotype.

Question 12

Which scenario illustrates the influence of environment on phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Hydrangea flowers of the same genotype range from blue-violet to pink depending on soil acidity.

Question 13

Morgan's experiment with fruit flies demonstrated that the white-eye mutant allele was located on which chromosome?

Accepted Answer

X chromosome

Question 14

Which of the following disorders is caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 15

In a pedigree chart, what does a filled square represent?

Accepted Answer

An affected male

Question 16

If a trait is recessive, what must be true for an individual to express the trait?

Accepted Answer

The individual must have two recessive alleles.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 18

What is the phenotypic ratio for the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous purple-flowered pea plants ($$Pp 	imes Pp$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$purple:white)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Traits blend together in offspring.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

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