Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's First Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Yy (Y = $$green, y = yellow) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$yy. $$What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1 ($$green:yellow)

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross between $$YyRr$$ and $$YyRr$$ pea plants (Y = yellow, y = green; R = round, r = wrinkled), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 4

Which scenario would violate Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Genes located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 5

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a plant with white flowers ($$pp). If $$half the offspring have purple flowers and half have white, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

$$Pp$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 7

In humans, mitochondrial DNA is typically inherited from which parent?

Accepted Answer

Only the mother.

Question 8

If a woman with genotype $$H^C H^S ($$curly/wavy hair) has a child with a man with genotype $$H^S H^S ($$straight hair), what is the probability that their child will have straight hair?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why alleles that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together?

Accepted Answer

They have a lower chance of being separated by crossing over.

Question 10

A woman with blood type $$O$$ ($$ii) $$and a man with blood type $$AB$$ ($$I^A I^B) $$have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of co-dominance?

Accepted Answer

Blood type AB in humans, where both A and B antigens are expressed.

Question 12

If two cream-coloured guinea pigs ($$F^Y F^W) $$mate, what proportion of their offspring will be cream-coloured?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a deviation from Mendel's Laws?

Accepted Answer

Traits with only two alleles and complete dominance.

Question 14

What is the expected genotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation of a monohybrid cross ($$Pp 	imes Pp$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (PP$$:Pp:pp)

Question 15

Which statement about the 'blending' hypothesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It proposed that parental traits mix to form intermediate offspring.

Question 16

In birds, which sex chromosome system is present?

Accepted Answer

ZW system (females ZW, males ZZ)

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a trait with multiple alleles?

Accepted Answer

Human blood type gene ($$I^A$$, $$I^B$$, $$i)$$

Question 18

Which equation represents the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 0.25$$

Question 19

If a true-breeding pea plant with inflated pods ($$CC) $$and green pods ($$YY) is $$crossed with a plant with constricted pods ($$cc) $$and yellow pods ($$yy$$), what is the genotype of the $$F_1$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$YyCc$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of genotype?

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism, including its alleles.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian Genetics and Deviations

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