$$\text{ADP} + \text{P}_i \rightarrow \text{ATP}$$

$$6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$$

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 2\text{C}_3\text{H}_4\text{O}_3$$

Question 1

Which structure within the chloroplast is primarily responsible for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid

Question 2

During the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis, what is the main purpose of the electron transport chain (ETC)?

Accepted Answer

To excite electrons and transfer their energy to NADP+ forming NADPH

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

In the Calvin cycle, what is the role of RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

It accepts carbon atoms from carbon dioxide to initiate carbon fixation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, which are used in cellular respiration to generate ATP and carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Which of the following organisms is an example of a heterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Sea slug that feeds on algae

Question 7

What is the waste product generated during the splitting of water molecules in the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 8

Which equation represents the conversion of ADP to ATP during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i ightarrow 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 9

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

During strenuous exercise, muscle cells may switch to anaerobic respiration. What is the main product formed in this process?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 11

Which equation best represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2$$

Question 12

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 13

What is the main function of ATP synthase in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To use the energy from proton flow to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of mutualism involving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A spotted salamander embryo hosting algae that provide oxygen and energy

Question 15

Which process is responsible for regenerating NAD+ in the absence of oxygen, allowing glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 16

In alcohol fermentation, which gas is released as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs light energy to excite electrons

Question 18

Which equation represents the conversion of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 ightarrow 2	ext{C}_3	ext{H}_4	ext{O}_3$$

Question 19

Which phase of photosynthesis is responsible for carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

Light-independent phase (Calvin cycle)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the sea slug can photosynthesize after feeding on algae?

Accepted Answer

It incorporates algal chloroplasts into its own cells, allowing it to convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Energy Transformation in Living Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions