$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 2

Which process is responsible for the generation of ATP and NADPH during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Linear electron flow

Question 3

Why is photosynthesis considered an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

It requires the input of energy from sunlight.

Question 4

In the Calvin cycle, what is the role of Rubisco?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP, forming 3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 5

Photorespiration occurs when Rubisco adds $$O_2$$ instead of $$CO_2 to $$RuBP. What is a consequence of this process?

Accepted Answer

It decreases photosynthetic output by consuming ATP and releasing $$CO_2.$$

Question 6

How do C4 plants minimize the cost of photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

By incorporating $$CO_2$$ into a four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between C4 and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

C4 plants separate steps spatially, while CAM plants separate steps temporally.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 11

What is the result of independent assortment during metaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes align randomly, increasing genetic diversity.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

It states that alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation.

Question 13

A heterozygous individual for a gene with incomplete dominance will have which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood groups where both $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ alleles are expressed

Question 15

What is pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits

Question 16

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute additively to a single trait

Question 17

A man with type AB blood and a woman with type O blood have a child. What is the probability that the child will have type A blood?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one cell division, meiosis involves two.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes.

Photosynthesis, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Mendelian Genetics: Core Concepts and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions