Question 1

Which of the following best explains why prairie plants often have deep taproots, as shown in the root system diversity diagram?

Accepted Answer

To anchor the plant and access water deep underground, especially during droughts or after fires.

Question 2

A botanist observes a plant with horizontal stems growing along the ground that periodically produce new shoots and roots. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction and rapid colonization of new areas.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the cuticle found on the epidermis of plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

Prevents water loss and protects against pathogens.

Question 4

What is the main difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

Primary growth is responsible for vertical elongation, while secondary growth increases the girth of stems and roots.

Question 5

Which cell type is most abundant in the ground tissue system and is capable of differentiating into other cell types?

Accepted Answer

Parenchyma cells

Question 6

A plant growing in a swampy environment develops roots that protrude above the water surface. What is the primary function of these roots?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gas exchange in oxygen-poor soils.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of sieve-tube members in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

Transport sugars and other organic molecules throughout the plant.

Question 8

Why do cacti have spines instead of broad leaves?

Accepted Answer

To reduce water loss and deter herbivores.

Question 9

Which tissue system is primarily responsible for the transport of water and nutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue system

Question 10

A celery stalk is crunchy due to the presence of which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Collenchyma cells

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why genetically identical plantlets grown in different environments may look different?

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic plasticity allows plants to alter their form in response to environmental conditions.

Question 12

Which of the following is produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 13

What is the main function of trichomes on the surface of plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

To reflect sunlight, limit water loss, and deter herbivores.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process occurring at the apical meristem?

Accepted Answer

Production of new cells for vertical growth of roots and shoots.

Question 15

Which of the following is a modified root specialized for carbohydrate storage?

Accepted Answer

Sugar beet root

Question 16

Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are dead at maturity and have thick, lignified secondary walls.

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for the opening and closing of stomata?

Accepted Answer

Guard cells

Question 18

A plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cell walls made of cellulose is discovered. Which trait would be LEAST helpful in assigning it to a phylum?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of companion cells in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

They load sugars into sieve-tube members and perform basic cell functions.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about heartwood in a tree?

Accepted Answer

It is dead tissue, composed of old secondary xylem, and provides structural support.

Plant Form and Function: Structure, Diversity, and Growth

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