Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mosses do not grow as tall as trees such as Sequoia sempervirens?

Accepted Answer

Mosses lack vascular tissue and lignin, which are necessary for water transport and structural support.

Question 2

Primary growth in plants is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increase in length due to activity of apical meristems.

Question 3

Which tissue system do root hairs belong to, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Dermal tissue; absorption of water and minerals.

Question 4

What is the main function of the root cap in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the apical meristem as the root pushes through soil.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of zones in a growing root from the tip upward?

Accepted Answer

Root cap → Zone of cell division → Zone of elongation → Zone of differentiation

Question 6

Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining apical dominance in shoots?

Accepted Answer

Auxin

Question 7

What is the main difference between excurrent and decurrent tree growth forms?

Accepted Answer

Excurrent trees have a dominant central leader, while decurrent trees have a more branched, spreading form.

Question 8

Secondary growth in plants results from the activity of which meristems?

Accepted Answer

Vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the vascular cambium?

Accepted Answer

It produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.

Question 10

Why do tree rings form, and what can they tell scientists?

Accepted Answer

Tree rings form due to seasonal differences in growth (early wood and late wood), and they can be used in dendrochronology to study past climate conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following adaptations allowed plants to successfully colonize land?

Accepted Answer

Development of lignin for support, regulated stomata, and resistant seeds/pollen.

Question 12

Which process drives the upward movement of water in the xylem from roots to leaves?

Accepted Answer

Transpiration, which creates a negative pressure pulling water upward.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the source-to-sink movement of sugars in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

Sugars are transported from photosynthetic tissues (source) to non-photosynthetic tissues (sink) via pressure flow.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cork cambium?

Accepted Answer

Transporting water and minerals through the plant.

Question 15

Why do monocots generally lack secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

They lack a vascular cambium, which is necessary for secondary growth.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes 'bark' in woody plants?

Accepted Answer

All tissues external to the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork.

Question 17

A botanist wants to harvest maple syrup. Which vessel should they tap to collect the sap?

Accepted Answer

Phloem, because it transports sugars from source to sink.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between heartwood and sapwood in a tree?

Accepted Answer

Heartwood is older, non-conducting xylem, while sapwood is younger, conducting xylem.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 20

A plant is experiencing drought stress. Which adaptation would help it conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Closing stomata to reduce transpiration.

Topic7A Plant Growth and Transport: Physiology and Cell Biology Study Notes

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