Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the taproot in tall, erect plants?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring the plant and preventing toppling

Question 2

In the cross-section of a eudicot root, which tissue forms the innermost layer of the cortex and acts as a selective barrier for substances entering the vascular cylinder?

Accepted Answer

Endodermis

Question 3

Which plant cell type is characterized by thin, flexible primary walls, a large central vacuole, and the ability to divide and differentiate?

Accepted Answer

Parenchyma

Question 4

A florist sprays a hormone on cut flowers to keep them fresh. Which hormone is most likely used?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinins

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents water potential in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_{pressure} + \Psi_{solute}$$

Question 6

Which structure in the shoot system is responsible for the elongation and orientation of the plant to maximize photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Stem

Question 7

Which tissue system in plants is responsible for transport of water, minerals, and sugars?

Accepted Answer

Vascular tissue

Question 8

What is the main function of the cuticle in the shoot epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Preventing water loss

Question 9

Which cell type provides flexible support to growing plant organs and is living at maturity?

Accepted Answer

Collenchyma

Question 10

Which of the following is a modified stem that grows horizontally just below the surface and can produce new vertical shoots from axillary buds?

Accepted Answer

Rhizome

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the majority of a plant’s dry mass?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for the formation of lateral roots in seed plants?

Accepted Answer

Pericycle

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between monocot and eudicot leaves?

Accepted Answer

Monocots have parallel veins; eudicots have branched veins

Question 14

Which plant cell type is dead at functional maturity and is specialized for water conduction?

Accepted Answer

Tracheids

Question 15

Which structure in a woody plant is responsible for producing secondary xylem and secondary phloem?

Accepted Answer

Vascular cambium

Question 16

Which of the following conditions will result in the fastest transport through the xylem in a tree, assuming adequate water supply in the roots?

Accepted Answer

Negative pressure potential in the leaf mesophyll

Question 17

Which plant structure is covered by a root cap and grows through soil by primary growth?

Accepted Answer

Root tip

Question 18

Which hormone concentration would result in root formation from a callus?

Accepted Answer

Auxin higher than cytokinin

Question 19

Which structure in the leaf is responsible for gas exchange and is flanked by guard cells?

Accepted Answer

Stomata

Question 20

Which of the following is true about secondary growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

It increases the girth of roots and stems and produces woody plants

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards