Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of segregation as illustrated in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairs of alleles are separated during meiosis I, so each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

A population of snails shows a wide variety of shell colors and patterns. What is the biological term for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Variation

Question 3

Which process is the ONLY one that creates new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 4

In a population of frogs, the following genotypes are observed: AA = 5, Aa = 8, aa = 3. What is the frequency of the 'a' allele?

Accepted Answer

0.45

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection occurs

Question 6

If the frequency of allele $$p is 0.2 in a $$population, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.32$$

Question 7

Which equation represents the sum of allele frequencies in a population with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 8

A population of pea plants has 36% with white flowers (recessive phenotype). What percentage are expected to be heterozygous if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

48%

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not follow Mendel’s principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

They are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 10

What is the expected frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype if $$p = 0.7 in a $$population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.49$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of phenotypic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Ladybugs in a population show different colors and spot patterns.

Question 12

Which formula is used to calculate the expected genotype frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 13

Which process during meiosis is responsible for producing new combinations of alleles on chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 14

In a population of 6 plants, the genotypes are: GG, Gg, Gg, gg, Gg, GG. What is the frequency of the GG genotype?

Accepted Answer

0.33

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the gene pool is correct?

Accepted Answer

The gene pool consists of all the genetic material present in a population.

Question 16

Which scenario would violate the Hardy-Weinberg assumption of random mating?

Accepted Answer

Individuals mate only with those who have similar phenotypes.

Question 17

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what happens to allele and genotype frequencies over generations?

Accepted Answer

They reach equilibrium in one generation and remain constant.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a source of variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 19

What is the effect of crossing over on linked genes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It can separate linked genes, creating new allele combinations.

Question 20

Which of the following best defines a population in biological terms?

Accepted Answer

A group of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same geographic area and actually or can potentially interbreed.

Population Genetics & Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Principles, Variation, and Calculations

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