Q: If the frequency of allele $$C^R is$$ $$p = 0.8$$ and the frequency of allele $$C^W is$$ $$q = 0.2$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous plants ($$C^R C^W) in $$the next generation?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.8 \times 0.2 = 0.32$$

Q: What is the expected frequency of $$C^W C^W$$ plants in a population where $$q = 0.2$$?

$$q^2 = 0.2$$ \times 0.2 = 0.04$$

Q: If the frequency of $$C^R is$$ $$0.8$$ and $$C^W is$$ $$0.2$$, what is the expected frequency of $$C^R C^R$$ plants?

$$p^2 = 0.8$$ \times 0.8 = 0.64$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A statistical model that assumes no change in allele frequencies in a population under certain conditions.

Question 2

In a population of 500 wildflowers, there are two alleles for flower color: $$C^R ($$red) and $$C^W ($$white). If 80% of the alleles in the population are $$C^R$$, what is the frequency of $$C^W$$?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.2$$

Question 3

Which condition must be met for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Mating must be random.

Question 4

If the frequency of allele $$C^R is$$ $$p = 0.8$$ and the frequency of allele $$C^W is$$ $$q = 0.2$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous plants ($$C^R C^W) in $$the next generation?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.8 	imes 0.2 = 0.32$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Mating is nonrandom.

Question 6

A population of flowers has 800 $$C^R$$ alleles and 200 $$C^W$$ alleles. What is the allele frequency of $$C^R$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{800}{1000} = 0.8$$

Question 7

If a population is isolated geographically, what is the likely effect on genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation will decrease because gene flow is limited.

Question 8

In the Hardy-Weinberg model, what does $$p^2$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.

Question 9

Which scenario would most likely cause a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A population experiencing a new, transmittable mutation.

Question 10

If the frequency of $$C^R C^R$$ plants is $$0.64$$, $$C^R C^W$$ plants is $$0.32$$, and $$C^W C^W$$ plants is $$0.04$$, what is the total frequency of all genotypes?

Accepted Answer

$$0.64 + 0.32 + 0.04 = 1.0$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why individuals do not have allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequency is a property of the population, not the individual.

Question 12

If a mechanical claw picks balls at random from a bin containing 80% red ($$C^R) $$and 20% white ($$C^W) $$balls, what is the probability of picking two red balls in a row?

Accepted Answer

$$0.8 	imes 0.8 = 0.64$$

Question 13

What is the expected frequency of $$C^W C^W$$ plants in a population where $$q = 0.2$$?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2 = 0.2$$ 	imes 0.2 = 0.04$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene flow affecting population genetics?

Accepted Answer

Migration of caribou herds between overlapping ranges.

Question 15

If a population of flowers is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what will happen to allele frequencies over time?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies will remain constant.

Question 16

Which genotype results from picking one $$C^R$$ allele and one $$C^W$$ allele?

Accepted Answer

$$C^R C^W$$

Question 17

If the frequency of $$C^R is$$ $$0.8$$ and $$C^W is$$ $$0.2$$, what is the expected frequency of $$C^R C^R$$ plants?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 = 0.8$$ 	imes 0.8 = 0.64$$

Question 18

Which of the following would NOT cause evolution to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Random mating in a large population.

Question 19

What is the formula for calculating the frequency of heterozygotes in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq$$

Question 20

If a population has 160 $$C^R C^W$$ plants and 20 $$C^W C^W$$ plants out of 500 total, what is the frequency of $$C^W$$ alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \frac{(160 	imes 1) + (20 	imes 2)}{1000} = \frac{160 + 40}{1000} = 0.2$$

Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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