Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have a double membrane and divide by binary fission, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A protist that moves using pseudopodia and engulfs food particles is most likely classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sarcodine (Amoeba)

Question 3

Which group of protists is primarily responsible for producing the majority of Earth's oxygen through photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Algae

Question 4

A patient contracts African Sleeping Sickness after being bitten by a tsetse fly. Which protist is responsible for this disease, and what is its primary mode of movement?

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma; movement by flagella

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the nutritional strategy of fungi?

Accepted Answer

External digestion followed by absorption of nutrients

Question 6

Which structure in fungi is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Hyphae

Question 7

A fungus that forms a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, where the fungal hyphae penetrate the outer cells of the root, is called:

Accepted Answer

Endomycorrhizae

Question 8

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the cell wall of fungi?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of chitin.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the life cycle of Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria?

Accepted Answer

It alternates between sexual reproduction in mosquitoes and asexual reproduction in humans.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all fungi?

Accepted Answer

They are all photosynthetic.

Question 11

Which group of fungi is known for producing antibiotics such as penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

Question 12

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with chloroplasts, a stigma, and two flagella. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Euglenoids

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why algae are considered plant-like protists?

Accepted Answer

They perform photosynthesis but lack the complexity of true plants.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutualistic relationship involving fungi?

Accepted Answer

Lichen, where fungi and algae live together and benefit each other

Question 15

Which of the following protists is responsible for causing 'Hiker’s Diarrhea' and how is it transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Giardia lamblia; transmitted by contaminated water

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the reproductive strategy of most protists under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction

Question 17

Which of the following is a key ecological role of slime molds?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition and nutrient recycling

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the structure of fungal hyphae is correct?

Accepted Answer

Coenocytic hyphae lack septa and contain many nuclei in a continuous cytoplasm.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

Ectomycorrhizae surround root cells, while endomycorrhizae penetrate root cell walls.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct equation for the process of photosynthesis carried out by algae?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Protists and Fungi: Diversity, Structure, and Importance

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