Q: Which of the following equations best represents the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes?

$$ \text{mRNA} + \text{tRNA} + \text{Amino Acids} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of histone proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They help DNA wrap around them to form chromatin.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It builds ribosomes and other RNA.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are made of RNA and protein and are responsible for building proteins.

Question 4

Where are free ribosomes located and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

In the cytosol; synthesize simple proteins.

Question 5

Bound ribosomes are most likely to synthesize proteins that:

Accepted Answer

Are exported from the cell.

Question 6

A mutation prevents ribosomes from attaching to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Export of proteins from the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes are considered universal to all living cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the only organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 8

If a cell needs to produce a large amount of a secreted enzyme, which cellular structure would you expect to be especially abundant?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes on the rough ER.

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{mRNA} + 	ext{tRNA} + 	ext{Amino Acids} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 10

A scientist isolates a cell and finds that it has a high concentration of free ribosomes but very few bound ribosomes. What can be inferred about the cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It primarily synthesizes proteins for use within the cytosol.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between free and bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export or for membranes.

Question 12

Which process would be directly affected if the nucleolus was damaged?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome production.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the synthesis and export of a protein from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA transcription → mRNA translation by bound ribosomes → protein exported

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes are often exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes are located on the outside of the ER, which is part of the secretory pathway.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large nucleolus. What does this suggest about the cell's activity?

Accepted Answer

It is actively synthesizing ribosomes.

Ribosomes, Chromatin, and Protein Synthesis: Structure and Function in the Cell

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards