Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by extensive evidence.

Question 2

In an experiment testing whether garden spider web writing attracts more insects, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of writing in the web (% web covered with zig-zag writing)

Question 3

Which type of graph is most appropriate for visualizing the relationship between the amount of writing in a spider web (continuous variable) and the number of insects trapped?

Accepted Answer

Line graph

Question 4

A scientist observes that birds collide less often with spider webs that have thick writing. Which conclusion is best supported by this observation?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis was supported; birds collided with webs that had thick writing the least.

Question 5

Which molecule stores genetic information in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 6

What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A directional sugar-phosphate backbone held together by phosphodiester bonds

Question 8

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 9

If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 18% guanine, what percentage of cytosine does it contain?

Accepted Answer

18%

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct complementary sequence for the DNA strand 3’ ATTAGCGGCTAG 5’?

Accepted Answer

5’ TAATCGCCGATC 3’

Question 11

During DNA replication, which bonds must be broken to allow the two strands to separate?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen bonds between the paired nitrogenous bases

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

An antiparallel double helix stabilized by hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 13

Which base pairing rule is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why DNA is an effective storage molecule for genetic information?

Accepted Answer

It can be accurately replicated and is stable over long periods

Question 15

What is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, results

Question 16

Which of the following best distinguishes causation from correlation in scientific experiments?

Accepted Answer

Causation means one variable directly affects another, while correlation means they change together but not necessarily due to one another.

Question 17

A scientist wants to visualize the percentage of insects trapped by different types of spider webs. Which graph should they use?

Accepted Answer

Pie chart

Question 18

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semi-conservative; each new molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

Question 19

Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to during replication?

Accepted Answer

3’ end

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of understanding DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

Developing medical treatments based on genetic information

Scientific Process, Graphing, and Structure of DNA – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards