Question 1

Which of the following best describes the cells shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

They are undifferentiated cells capable of repeated division and specialization.

Question 2

Why must cell division be tightly controlled in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To prevent uncontrolled growth that can lead to cancer.

Question 3

What is the primary function of adult stem cells in tissues?

Accepted Answer

To repair and regenerate tissues by dividing and specializing.

Question 4

Which process is described by the following steps: signal to die, caspase activation, cell shrinkage, and phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 5

A patient suffers a heart attack due to a blocked artery. Which type of cell death is most likely occurring in the affected tissue?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Question 6

What is the Hayflick Limit?

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of times a normal cell can divide before stopping, typically 40–60 divisions.

Question 7

Which enzyme allows stem cells and cancer cells to divide indefinitely by maintaining telomere length?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase

Question 8

What is a major difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is controlled and does not cause inflammation, while necrosis is uncontrolled and causes inflammation.

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct consequence of mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Loss of cell cycle control leading to cancer.

Question 10

If a cell's telomeres become critically short, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter senescence or undergo apoptosis.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the Hayflick Limit is important for cancer prevention?

Accepted Answer

It limits the number of times a cell can divide, reducing the risk of accumulating mutations.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in the formation of a tumor?

Accepted Answer

A cell acquires mutations that allow it to ignore stop signals and divide continuously.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of apoptosis during development?

Accepted Answer

Shaping tissues by removing unnecessary cells.

Question 14

A patient with a neurodegenerative disease is found to have excessive apoptosis in brain cells. Which disease is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of muscle satellite cells?

Accepted Answer

They are adult stem cells that repair muscle fibers after injury.

Question 16

Which sequence correctly describes the progression from a normal cell to metastasis in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

DNA mutation → Cell ignores stop signals → Continuous division → Tumor → Metastasis

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Tissue death after a heart attack due to oxygen loss.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can divide indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

They express telomerase, which maintains telomere length.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Causing inflammation in surrounding tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes differentiated cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells with specific roles that usually cannot divide again.

Stem Cells, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Cell Death

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