Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural components of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and cholesterol

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic compared to the cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen ($$O_2) $$can diffuse freely across the plasma membrane, but sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$cannot?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2 is $$nonpolar and small, while $$Na^+ is $$charged and polar

Question 5

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A patient is given an intravenous solution with a higher solute concentration than their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink due to water loss

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $$Na^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 $$K^+$$ ions into the cell using ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of integral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They act as enzymes, transporters, and receptors

Question 9

During cellular respiration, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores and protects genetic material (DNA)

Question 11

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

It will remain unchanged

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Preparatory Step $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells have a limited lifespan?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and cannot divide

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell via a membrane protein

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and processing of proteins that are to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein processing and modification

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules; anabolism synthesizes large molecules from small ones

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of filtration in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys filtering blood to form urine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid, producing 2 ATP

Structure and Function of Cells: Foundations of Human Biology

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