Q: Which of the following is a correct representation of the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration reaction joins two monomers together by removing a water molecule, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the structure of starch and cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of α-glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of β-glucose monomers.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Which class of macromolecule is directly affected by this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that can hydrolyze β-1,4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Storage of long-term energy reserves

Question 7

A phospholipid differs from a fat (triglyceride) in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of protein denaturation in humans?

Accepted Answer

High fevers can be fatal because proteins in the blood denature and lose their function.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the levels of protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between backbone constituents, forming α helices and β sheets.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are unsaturated fats with trans double bonds that may contribute more to cardiovascular disease than saturated fats.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T)

Question 13

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of chaperonins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They assist the proper folding of other proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

Accepted Answer

Purines have a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring, while pyrimidines have a single six-membered ring.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life application of genomics?

Accepted Answer

Using computer software to analyze large sets of gene sequences to trace evolutionary relationships between species.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water, while their hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the storage polysaccharides in plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

Starch is the main storage polysaccharide in plants, and glycogen is the main storage polysaccharide in animals.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Chapter 5 Study Guide)

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