Question 1

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what byproduct is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released

Question 2

A patient with sickle cell disease has a mutation in the gene encoding hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acid tails (hydrophobic) and a phosphate head (hydrophilic) arranged in a bilayer

Question 4

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

What is the main difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the molecule; ketose has it within the carbon skeleton

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural polysaccharide in plants and is generally indigestible by most animals

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by hydrogenation, which converts cis double bonds to trans double bonds, making the fat more rigid and less healthy

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide – carbohydrate

Question 9

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following structure: a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose sugar

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why most animals cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has a straight, rigid structure due to its glycosidic linkages, and most animals lack the enzymes to break these bonds

Question 13

Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 14

A dehydration reaction is used to synthesize a polymer. Which of the following best describes what happens during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed, forming a new bond

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is formed when two or more polypeptide chains join together to make a functional protein

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It gives the membrane integrity and acts as a precursor for sex hormones

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein malfunction due to incorrect folding?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fats are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mainly of hydrocarbons, which are nonpolar

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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