Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 2

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and plasmodesmata. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 5

Which structure is unique to animal cells and plays a role in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 6

If a mutation disrupts the function of microtubules, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during mitosis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins

Question 8

A cell is observed to have microvilli. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface area for absorption

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating movement

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome – Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack intermediate filaments. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced structural stability

Question 12

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of most cellular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A cell with a large central vacuole is most likely specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and nutrients

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 16

Which structure allows communication between adjacent plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 18

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is believed to have originated from an ancestral prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

If a cell lacked ribosomes, which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Structure and Organelles of Plant and Animal Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions