Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) cells, while meiosis produces four haploid (n) cells.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 4

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids during Prophase I

Question 5

If a mutation disables a tumor suppressor gene, what is the most likely consequence for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, increasing the risk of cancer.

Question 6

A human karyotype shows 47 chromosomes, including three copies of chromosome 21. What is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation as described by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals with genotype $$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$, what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 9

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and a man who is unaffected have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following chromosomal alterations is most likely to result in a gene being expressed in the wrong location, potentially causing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 11

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 12

If cytokinesis does not occur after mitosis, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A multinucleated cell

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of histone proteins?

Accepted Answer

They act as spools for DNA to wrap around, aiding in DNA packaging.

Question 14

A plant with genotype $$RrYy is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$rryy. $$What is the probability that an offspring will have the genotype $$Rryy$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I of meiosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

An ordered display of all the chromosomes in a cell, showing chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about autosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes not involved in determining the sex of an organism.

Question 19

A deletion mutation in a chromosome is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The removal of a chromosomal segment.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes are important in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

They allow for genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.

Study Guide: Cell Division, Genetics, and Inheritance (Mitosis, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards