Question 1

Which step in bacterial transformation involves the use of reverse transcriptase to produce double-stranded cDNA from extracted mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Produce double-stranded cDNA for the gene of interest using reverse transcriptase.

Question 2

Which of the following is a real-world application of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Engineering bacteria to produce human insulin for diabetes treatment.

Question 3

During DNA replication in cells, which enzyme is responsible for opening the DNA helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 4

In PCR, why must the sequences near the DNA of interest be known?

Accepted Answer

To build DNA primers that initiate replication.

Question 5

DNA polymerase extends a strand of DNA by adding a nucleotide to which group of the previous nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

the 3' -OH

Question 6

Refer to the first image. In gel electrophoresis, which direction will DNA fragments move, and why?

Accepted Answer

Direction A, because DNA is negatively charged and moves toward the positive pole.

Question 7

In gel electrophoresis, which bands represent the longest DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Bands closest to the wells.

Question 8

Refer to the second image. If the DNA from the crime scene (CS) contains all the bands from S#2 and S#5, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Both S#2 and S#5 could have been present at the crime scene.

Question 9

What supports the conclusion that a suspect's DNA was present at a crime scene based on gel electrophoresis results?

Accepted Answer

All of the suspect's bands were included in the crime scene sample.

Question 10

Refer to the third image. Which molecule is a dideoxynucleoside triphosphate (ddNTP)?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 11

How does Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing create DNA strands of different lengths?

Accepted Answer

Dideoxynucleotides are incorporated at different positions, terminating the strands.

Question 12

Which sequencing method involves breaking DNA into random fragments, sequencing them, and matching up overlapping sequences?

Accepted Answer

Shotgun sequencing

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes 'deep sequencing'?

Accepted Answer

All of these.

Question 14

Which technique enables select, targeted changes in DNA?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR

Question 15

A student inserts a human gene (with introns and exons) into a bacterial plasmid. Will the bacteria produce the same protein as humans?

Accepted Answer

No, the gene includes introns and bacteria can't splice mRNA.

Question 16

What is the original function of CRISPR-Cas9 in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an immune system by destroying foreign DNA.

Question 17

How did Dr. Liu's team modify the CRISPR-Cas system to become a gene-editing tool?

Accepted Answer

They replaced the 'scissors' with an enzyme that can replace one nucleotide with another.

Question 18

Which functional group in DNA is responsible for its negative charge, causing it to move toward the positive pole in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 19

Which molecule in the third image is a ribonucleoside triphosphate (NTP)?

Accepted Answer

A

Study Guide: DNA Technology, Replication, and Genetic Engineering

Study Guide - Practice Questions