Question 1

Which process restores the diploid chromosome number in the sexual life cycle, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over, as depicted in the second image, occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 3

The third image illustrates independent assortment. Which statement best explains how independent assortment increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows homologous chromosomes to align randomly at the metaphase plate, creating new combinations of alleles.

Question 4

Referencing the fourth image, what is the chromosome number in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II if the original cell was diploid (2n = 4)?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 2$$

Question 5

Based on the fifth image, what is the result if nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Half the gametes will have an extra chromosome, and half will have one less.

Question 6

The sixth image shows a karyotype with three copies of chromosome 21. What is the genetic condition called?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 7

In the seventh image, what stage of cell division is represented by the separation of homologous chromosomes into two cells, each with a mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

End of meiosis I

Question 8

If a diploid organism has $$2n = 34$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$17$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes; diploid cells have two.

Question 10

Why are the four daughter cells produced by meiosis genetically non-identical?

Accepted Answer

Due to crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Question 11

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the expected outcome for the gametes?

Accepted Answer

Two gametes will be normal, one will have an extra chromosome, and one will have one less.

Question 12

Which event is unique to meiosis and does NOT occur in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 13

A human egg with 24 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm. What will be the chromosome number in the resulting zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$47$$

Question 14

Why does advanced maternal age increase the risk of nondisjunction?

Accepted Answer

Older eggs are more likely to have errors in chromosome separation due to prolonged arrest in meiosis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 16

If a mutation eliminated crossing over in a population, what would be the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Genetic diversity would decrease.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents are not genetically identical?

Accepted Answer

Random fertilization, crossing over, and independent assortment create unique combinations of alleles.

Question 18

What is the main function of mitosis in the sexual life cycle?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth and repair by producing genetically identical somatic cells

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one division; meiosis involves two divisions and promotes genetic diversity.

Question 20

How does meiosis ensure that the chromosome number is halved in gametes?

Accepted Answer

By separating homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and sister chromatids in meiosis II

Study Guide: Meiosis, Genetic Diversity, and Chromosomal Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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