Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which functional groups are present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 3

A mutation in the gene encoding the beta chain of hemoglobin causes sickle-cell disease. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 4

Which of the following bonds or interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the secondary structure of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

It includes alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell hemoglobin forms fibers inside red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophobic amino acid replaces a hydrophilic one, causing abnormal aggregation.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of a newly synthesized insulin protein from its synthesis to secretion outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicles → cell exterior

Question 8

Which of the following molecules will diffuse most rapidly through a pure phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 9

What is the main difference between hydrolysis and dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis adds water to break bonds, dehydration removes water to form bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide subunits.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the denaturation of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation results in the loss of protein structure and function.

Question 15

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage and water balance

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrates.

Study Guide: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards