Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which glucose monomers are joined to form starch in plants?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which releases water and requires energy

Question 2

A patient is unable to break down glycogen in their muscle cells. Which type of chemical reaction is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch is made from α-glucose, while cellulose is made from β-glucose

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a disaccharide from two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} \rightarrow \mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}} + \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Their kinks prevent close packing of phospholipid tails

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the passive diffusion of water across the membrane

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the layer

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and movement

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Most animals lack enzymes to break β-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and old organelles

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. This cell is most likely from:

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when a phosphate group is removed

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using ATP

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of chitin, a structural polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Surgical thread that decomposes after healing

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Study Guide: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions