Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, repair, and maintenance by producing genetically identical cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell is observed to have condensed chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which checkpoint must be passed before the cell can proceed to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint (spindle assembly checkpoint)

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 5

A mutation in the p53 gene is likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division and increased risk of cancer

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They are signaling proteins that regulate progression through cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 7

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 8

A researcher observes a cell with a single, circular DNA molecule attached to the plasma membrane, which is about to divide. This cell is most likely undergoing:

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They undergo apoptosis more frequently than normal cells.

Question 10

If a human cell at the end of mitosis contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes did the parent cell have at the start of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why nerve and muscle cells do not regularly divide in adult humans?

Accepted Answer

They remain in the G0 phase and do not complete the cell cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To remove damaged or potentially cancerous cells

Question 13

A scientist is studying a gene that, when mutated, causes cells to divide uncontrollably. This gene is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

Two sister chromatids joined at a centromere

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for maintaining the length of telomeres in cancer cells, allowing them to divide indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is not encapsulated and has spread to other organs. This tumor is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Malignant

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why binary fission in prokaryotes does not involve a spindle apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and attach to the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

Generating human tissues from embryonic stem cells for transplantation

Question 20

If a proto-oncogene becomes mutated and is overexpressed, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell will divide uncontrollably, possibly leading to cancer.

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

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