Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleosome?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

What is the primary function of the centromere during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To attach spindle microtubules via the kinetochore

Question 4

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 5

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers form

Question 7

What distinguishes homologous chromosomes from sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies; homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the physical separation of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 9

In animal cells, what structure forms to separate the cytoplasm during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage furrow

Question 10

Which protein acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell division and maintaining DNA stability?

Accepted Answer

p53

Question 11

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned in a single row at the cell's equator. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

If a cell fails the G1 checkpoint due to DNA damage, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell repairs the DNA or undergoes apoptosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of growth factors in cell cycle regulation?

Accepted Answer

They activate proteins that promote cell division

Question 14

What is the main difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a cell plate

Question 15

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the cell growing and carrying out normal functions, but not yet replicating DNA?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with two nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes, but the cytoplasm has not yet divided. Which stage is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene?

Accepted Answer

Unrestrained cell growth

Question 18

What is the function of the kinetochore during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches spindle microtubules to the centromere

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitosis is important for multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction

Question 20

If a cell's proto-oncogene mutates into an oncogene, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will divide uncontrollably

The Cell Cycle and Regulation: Structure, Function, and Control of Chromosomes

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