Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves the inheritance of all genes from one parent, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell is observed to have condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 5

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes and separates chromosomes during cell division.

Question 6

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G1 checkpoint even when DNA is damaged. What is a likely consequence of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes cytokinesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A cell plate forms from vesicles and grows outward to divide the cell.

Question 8

If a cell has a defect in tumor suppressor genes, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell may fail to shut down the cell cycle, increasing the risk of tumor formation.

Question 9

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before proceeding with cell division?

Accepted Answer

M-phase checkpoint

Question 10

In bacterial cell division, which process is most similar to eukaryotic M phase?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 11

A researcher observes a cell with two nuclei forming and chromosomes de-condensing. Which stage of mitosis is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy for metabolism

Question 13

What is the correct sequence of events in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 14

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere.

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a chemical that prevents the formation of microtubules. Which stage of mitosis would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase, because chromosomes could not align at the metaphase plate.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can divide uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

They have defective cell-cycle checkpoints that fail to regulate division.

Question 17

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 18

Which of the following is a key event that occurs during prometaphase?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a rapidly dividing tissue and notices that the G1 phase is almost absent. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cells are rapidly cycling and have a shortened or eliminated G1 phase.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the protein complex MPF (M-phase promoting factor) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the cell's entry into mitosis by phosphorylating target proteins.

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms and Regulation

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