Question 1

Which of the following best explains how two genetically identical daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes that were duplicated and equally separated during mitosis.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

Which of the following statements about chromosome number is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome number is unique to each species and does not correlate with complexity.

Question 4

What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To separate sister chromatids and move them to opposite poles of the cell

Question 5

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 6

Which of the following events does NOT occur during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Replication of the DNA

Question 7

What would be the most likely effect of a drug that inhibits actin polymerization in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Failure of cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis

Question 8

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is known as the 'restriction point' and determines whether a cell will proceed to DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 9

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They are activated by cyclin and regulate progression through the cell cycle.

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a growth factor that stimulates division. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The cell will pass the G1 checkpoint and proceed to S phase.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), while gametes have 23 chromosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about cancer cells compared to normal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells do not respond to cell cycle control signals and can divide indefinitely.

Question 14

A researcher observes a cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes, altered metabolism, and the ability to detach from the extracellular matrix. What is the most likely identity of this cell?

Accepted Answer

A malignant cancer cell

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the number of chromosomes does not correlate with organismal complexity?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome number is unique to each species and is not related to the number of genes or complexity.

Question 16

What is the main function of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Growth and preparation for mitosis, including duplication of centrosomes

Question 17

Which of the following is required for a cell to pass the M phase checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

All kinetochores must be attached to spindle microtubules from both poles.

Question 18

The decline of MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) activity at the end of mitosis is due to:

Accepted Answer

The degradation of cyclin.

Question 19

A mutation causes a cell to ignore density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will continue to divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to tumor formation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of asexual reproduction where the circular chromosome is replicated and the cell divides in half.

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Clinical Relevance chpt.12

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