Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for organizing microtubules during mitosis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of mitotic sub-phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are made of DNA and histone proteins, forming nucleosomes.

Question 6

If a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromatids will it have after S phase?

Accepted Answer

92 chromatids

Question 7

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 8

What is the role of MPF (maturation-promoting factor) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

MPF triggers the cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission involves the replication of a single circular DNA molecule and division of the cell.

Question 11

A cell is exposed to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will pass the G1 checkpoint and begin to divide.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about cancer cells compared to normal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells divide indefinitely and do not respond to cell cycle control mechanisms.

Question 13

Which term describes the process by which a normal cell is converted to a cancer cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 14

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which phase of mitosis is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why most cells in the human body are in the G0 phase?

Accepted Answer

Cells in G0 are not actively dividing but can re-enter the cell cycle under the correct conditions.

Question 16

Which molecular event is directly promoted by MPF during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

MPF stimulates fragmentation of the nuclear envelope by phosphorylation of nuclear lamina proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence if the M checkpoint fails during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes may not be properly attached to the spindle, leading to unequal chromosome distribution.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between cyclin concentration and Cdk activity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Cdk Activity} \propto 	ext{Cyclin Concentration}$$

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming. Which phase is it most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase and cytokinesis

The Cell Cycle: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions