Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal system in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing.

Question 2

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall is primarily responsible for motility and movement of food?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 3

A patient with a damaged mucus barrier in the stomach is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 5

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is correct?

Accepted Answer

The jejunum and ileum are primarily responsible for absorption.

Question 7

Which process is described by the equation $$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy} in $$the context of nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration of glucose

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microbiota in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin K

Question 9

A person who cannot digest lactose due to lack of the enzyme lactase will experience symptoms primarily because:

Accepted Answer

Undigested lactose is fermented by intestinal bacteria, producing gas and discomfort.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why most alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine rather than the stomach?

Accepted Answer

The small intestine has a larger surface area and specialized adaptations for absorption.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absorption of lipids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged as chylomicrons, which enter lymphatic vessels.

Question 12

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Soy protein

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between energy expenditure and weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Every $$3,500$$ calories expended equals the loss of $$1$$ pound of fat.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major mineral required in amounts greater than $$100 mg/$$day?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 15

Which digestive gland produces enzymes that digest starch, proteins, and lipids, and also secretes sodium bicarbonate?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 16

Which of the following is a recommended dietary guideline for maintaining health?

Accepted Answer

Consume sugar only in moderation.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for moving food through the esophagus to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the liver that contributes to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 19

Which of the following is a symptom of food poisoning caused by bacterial toxins?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea and vomiting

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the absorption of water in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Water is absorbed by osmosis in both the small and large intestines.

The Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Nutrition

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