Q: Which equation best represents the process of reverse transcription in retroviruses?

$$\text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Q: Which equation represents the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

$$1 \text{ cell} \rightarrow 2 \text{ daughter cells}$$

Question 1

Which structure is responsible for the attachment of a virus to its host cell, enabling infection?

Accepted Answer

Surface proteins on the virus

Question 2

A bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and immediately begins producing new viral particles, eventually causing the cell to burst. Which cycle is this describing?

Accepted Answer

Lytic cycle

Question 3

Which equation best represents the process of reverse transcription in retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane

Question 6

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is found in the nucleoid region

Question 7

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing plasmolysis

Question 8

Which of the following is a primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 9

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic traits from their environment without direct contact with another cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 10

What is the main function of bacterial plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses preformed organic molecules as both energy and carbon source

Question 12

Which equation represents the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ cell} ightarrow 2 	ext{ daughter cells}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin

Question 14

Which environmental classification best fits a microbe that thrives in a 13% salt solution?

Accepted Answer

Halophile

Question 15

Which of the following is a benefit that eukaryotes gained via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A photosynthetic organelle with 3 or more membranes

Question 16

Which of the following statements about conjugation is true?

Accepted Answer

The donor and recipient cell must be in direct contact (touching) to transfer DNA

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic that you could look for to determine if a cell has undergone secondary endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a photosynthetic organelle with three or more membranes

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement about biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are complex communities of microbes encased in a polysaccharide matrix

Question 19

Which of the following pathogen characteristics may be considered virulence factor(s)?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following answer options lists the 4 supergroups of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

The Evolution of Microbial Life: Viruses, Prokaryotes, and Protists

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