Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon is the backbone of all four major biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, enabling a variety of stable and complex molecular shapes.

Question 2

Which reaction is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers in proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction

Question 3

A protein loses its function after being exposed to high heat. What is the most likely explanation for this loss of function?

Accepted Answer

The protein is denatured, causing it to lose its three-dimensional shape necessary for function.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, contains deoxyribose, and uses thymine; RNA is usually single-stranded, contains ribose, and uses uracil.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and serving as a primary energy source

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by joining which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and their phosphate heads are hydrophilic.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which of the following statements about nucleotides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy carrier for cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbon atoms, allowing them to pack closely together.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a DNA base with its complementary base?

Accepted Answer

Guanine – Cytosine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

It breaks a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 15

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein's secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures may all be affected, potentially altering its function.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking meat makes it easier to digest because heat denatures the proteins, allowing enzymes to break them down more efficiently.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid?

Accepted Answer

Four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy as glycogen in animals and starch in plants

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans but can be digested by some herbivores?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose, while some herbivores have symbiotic microbes that produce the necessary enzyme.

The Four Major Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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