$$E_{brain} = 0.25 \times 2400 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between a neuron and a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of neurons, while a neuron is a single cell specialized for transmitting signals.

Question 2

Which glial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. Which cell type is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios would most likely trigger a response from your sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Giving a presentation while unprepared

Question 5

Which region of the neuron is responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 6

Which equation best represents the speed of a neural impulse in a myelinated neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t} $$ where $$v is $$speed, $$d is $$distance, and $$t is $$time

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

A reflex arc involves which sequence of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 9

Which structural classification of neuron is most commonly found in special sense organs such as the retina?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia?

Accepted Answer

Immune surveillance and phagocytosis

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Question 13

Which cell type is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why myelinated neurons transmit signals faster than unmyelinated neurons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier, increasing speed.

Question 15

Which functional classification of neuron carries signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world implication of the speed of neural transmission?

Accepted Answer

Taller people generally have slower reflex times than shorter people.

Question 17

Which equation would you use to calculate the daily energy demand of the brain if a teenager consumes 2,400 calories per day and the brain uses 25%?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{brain} = 0.25 	imes 2400 $$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps between Schwann cells that facilitate rapid signal transmission.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Connecting the central nervous system to all parts of the body

Question 20

Which neuron type is most numerous in the human body and exists entirely within the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Interneurons

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

Study Guide - Practice Questions