Question 1

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury at the neck. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Quadriplegia, affecting arms, legs, and trunk

Question 3

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic division

Question 4

During the knee-jerk reflex, what is the role of the interneuron in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the hamstring muscle to prevent resistance

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 6

What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Produce myelin sheath around axons

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' property of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential always occurs with the same amplitude

Question 8

A person is startled by a loud noise, resulting in increased heart rate and dilated pupils. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 9

Which structure in the brain is primarily responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Preventing entry of certain chemicals and pathogens into the brain

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why a person with Alzheimer's disease experiences memory loss?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of abnormal proteins affecting the hippocampus and cerebral cortex

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of action potential propagation ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v is $$greater in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons of the same diameter

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglial cells?

Accepted Answer

Transmit action potentials

Question 14

A person is unable to maintain balance and coordinate movements after consuming excessive alcohol. Which brain structure is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Receives sensory information and directs it to the cerebrum

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the parasympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

A person’s digestion increases after eating a meal

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex?

Accepted Answer

Stretch of tendon → activation of sensory neuron → activation of motor neuron → contraction of quadriceps

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the postsynaptic cell, approaching or exceeding threshold

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely effect of a bacterial infection of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

Life-threatening inflammation requiring antibiotics

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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