Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why the structure of a macromolecule determines its function in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a macromolecule determines how it interacts with other molecules, which in turn determines its function.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 3

A dehydration (condensation) reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of maltose and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 4

Which type of reaction breaks the bonds between monomers in a polymer by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it in the middle.

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is the main storage form of glucose in animals, and where is it primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stored in the liver and muscles

Question 7

Why can't humans digest cellulose, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 9

What type of bond forms between the glycerol and fatty acids in a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 10

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Question 11

Trans fats are considered unhealthy because:

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease more than saturated fats.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 14

A polypeptide contains 75 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

$$74$$

Question 15

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 16

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 17

Which of the following changes can cause a protein to denature?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates

Study Guide - Practice Questions