$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are the repeating units that serve as building blocks for polymers, which are formed by dehydration reactions.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of biological macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the synthesis of a disaccharide is correct?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide is formed by a dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides, resulting in a glycosidic linkage.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to hydrolyze the $\beta$ glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 5

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 7

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

Question 8

Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes. Which property allows them to form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

A change in a single amino acid in the primary structure of hemoglobin can lead to sickle-cell disease. This is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

Primary structure determines protein function.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 13

What type of bond links nucleotides together in a single strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They may contribute more to cardiovascular disease than saturated fats.

Question 15

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms of the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 16

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One DNA strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $\alpha$ glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has $\beta$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of protein folding?

Accepted Answer

The development of sickle-cell disease due to a single amino acid substitution

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of bioinformatics in modern biology?

Accepted Answer

It uses computational tools to analyze large sets of genetic and protein data.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions