Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long molecules consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked by covalent bonds.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of polymers from monomers, and what is a key byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released.

Question 3

A student is studying a molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of biological molecules does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid – Triglyceride

Question 5

During digestion, the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers is an example of which chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates include both simple sugars and polymers of sugars.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why glucose and fructose are considered isomers?

Accepted Answer

They have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 8

A dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of polymers?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up both the synthesis (dehydration) and breakdown (hydrolysis) of polymers.

Question 10

Which of the following foods is likely to be highest in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Whole grain bread

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the glycosidic linkage is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides during dehydration synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why hydrolysis is important in human digestion?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down large food polymers into monomers that can be absorbed by cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose; immediate energy source for cellular respiration

Question 14

A patient is unable to digest lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of bond does this enzyme break?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; glycosidic bond

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose sugars have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketose sugars have it within the chain.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of excessive energy intake, as humorously depicted in the comic with the cells?

Accepted Answer

Excess energy is stored as fat in adipose tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing these reactions to proceed rapidly at body temperature.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of a biological macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Monosaccharide

Question 20

A scientist is analyzing a sample and finds a polymer made of repeating units of glucose. Which of the following could this polymer be?

Accepted Answer

Starch

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions