Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction in the context of macromolecule synthesis and breakdown?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration reaction removes a water molecule to join monomers, while hydrolysis adds a water molecule to break a polymer.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

Glucose and fructose are both hexoses with the formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}. $$What structural feature distinguishes them?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is an aldose, while fructose is a ketose.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about cellulose is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide composed of $$\beta-$$glucose monomers.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in the enzyme that breaks down glycogen. Which organ is most likely to be affected first?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of chitin in nature?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in arthropod exoskeletons

Question 8

What is the major structural difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains $$\alpha-$$glucose monomers, while cellulose contains $$\beta-$$glucose monomers.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 10

A diet rich in which type of fat is most likely to contribute to cardiovascular disease due to plaque formation?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is NOT a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life application of chitin?

Accepted Answer

Used as a flexible surgical thread that decomposes after healing

Question 15

Which of the following statements about steroids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Steroids are characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings.

Question 16

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acid

Question 17

A scientist is studying the effect of a mutation that prevents the formation of phospholipid bilayers. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide from two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} \rightarrow \mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}} + \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant oils are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain unsaturated fatty acids with cis double bonds that prevent tight packing.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids

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