Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are large molecules made by joining together many monomers.

Question 2

Which chemical reaction is responsible for linking monomers together to form polymers, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released.

Question 3

A student is analyzing a food sample and finds a high concentration of molecules with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which class of biological macromolecule is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains beta glycosidic linkages, making it rigid and indigestible by humans.

Question 5

Why can cows digest cellulose while humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Cows host microbes in their digestive tract that produce enzymes to hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 7

A triglyceride is formed by joining which components, and what type of bond is created?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol; ester linkage

Question 8

Which property distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid because their fatty acid chains can pack closely together.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and modulates membrane fluidity.

Question 11

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 12

What type of bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 13

A mutation changes a single amino acid in hemoglobin from glutamic acid (hydrophilic) to valine (hydrophobic). What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may aggregate and change the shape of red blood cells, as seen in sickle cell disease.

Question 14

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 16

What is the correct directionality for the synthesis of a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

From the 5' end to the 3' end

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why DNA strands are antiparallel?

Accepted Answer

It allows for complementary base pairing and proper hydrogen bond formation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 19

Which of the following bonds is found in both nucleic acids and proteins, but NOT in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

None of the above; each bond is unique to its macromolecule type.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Bio 100 Lec Chapter 5 Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards