Question 1

Which process is illustrated by the movement of red dots from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 2

In the second image, what is the main driving force for the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient

Question 3

The third image demonstrates osmosis. Which direction does water move during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Question 4

In the fourth image, which side has higher tonicity and what does this mean for water movement?

Accepted Answer

Right side; water will move toward the right

Question 5

Referencing the fifth image, what happens to red blood cells in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

They swell and may burst due to water influx

Question 6

In the sixth image, what prevents plant cells from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall

Question 7

The seventh image shows a protein channel in a membrane. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 8

The eighth image depicts a phospholipid bilayer. Which part is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The yellow tails

Question 9

In the ninth image, which process is being illustrated by the movement of green molecules through a protein channel?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 10

The tenth image shows the sodium-potassium pump. Which statement best describes its function?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell against their gradients

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a protein channel, simple diffusion does not

Question 12

Which equation best represents the change in free energy for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed

Question 14

What is the main difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions require energy input

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the bulk movement of materials into a cell, such as the uptake of cholesterol by LDL receptors?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells burst in pure water but frog oocytes do not?

Accepted Answer

Frog oocytes have a tough vitelline envelope that limits water entry

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Na+/glucose cotransporter in the gut

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up reactions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular energetics?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it during hydrolysis

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Unit 3

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