Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the promoter in bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

It signals where RNA polymerase should begin transcription.

Question 2

During transcription in prokaryotes, which direction is the RNA strand synthesized?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 4

A mutation in the TATA box of a eukaryotic gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

The initiation of transcription

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 6

What is the function of the spliceosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons together.

Question 7

Which of the following sequences signals the termination of transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$AAUAAA$$

Question 8

Alternative splicing allows a single gene to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple protein isoforms

Question 9

Given the DNA template strand $$3'\ TCAGCAGCGTACT\ 5'$$, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ AGUCGUCGCAUGA\ 3'$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is correct?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the DNA double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing RNA strand.

Question 11

Which of the following modifications occurs only in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a poly-A tail

Question 12

A bacterial gene is transcribed. Which of the following is true about the direction of RNA polymerase movement and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand in the $$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ direction, synthesizing RNA in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 3' poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It signals the start of translation.

Question 14

In eukaryotic transcription, what is the role of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

They help RNA polymerase II bind to the promoter and initiate transcription.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why alternative splicing is important in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It increases protein diversity without increasing the number of genes.

Question 16

A scientist mutates the polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) in a eukaryotic gene. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The pre-mRNA will not be properly cleaved and polyadenylated, affecting mRNA stability and export.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

The troponin gene can produce more than 50 different muscle protein types from a single gene.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Transcription and RNA Processing in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Study Guide - Practice Questions